Essential Nutrient and Enrichment必需营养素与强化营养素 "

Essential Nutrient

必需营养素

A vitamin, mineral, fatty acid, or amino acid required for normalbody functioning that either cannot be synthesized by the body at all, or cannot be synthesized in amounts adequate for good health, and thus must be obtained from a dietary source. Other food components, such as dietary fiber, while not essential, also are considered to be nutrients.

身体正常运转所需、但无法自身合成或无法达到保持健康的足够数量而必须从膳食来源中摄取的维生素、矿物质、脂肪酸或氨基酸。其他食物成分，如膳食纤维，虽然不是必需的，但也被认为是营养物质。

Enrichment

强化营养素

The addition of specific nutrients (i.e., iron, thiamin, riboflavin, andniacin) to refined grain products in order to replace losses of the nutrients that occur during processing. Enrichment of refined grains is not mandatory; however, those that are labeled as enriched (e.g., enriched flour) must meet the standard of identity for enrichment set by the FDA. When cereal grains are labeled as enriched, it is mandatory that they be fortified with folicacid. (The addition of specific nutrients to whole-grain products is referred to as fortification.)

为了弥补在加工过程中所造成的营养损失而添加到精制谷物产品的特定营养物质（如：铁、硫铵、核黄素和烟酸）。精制谷物的营养强化不是强制性的，不过，标签上标记为强化的（如：强化营养素的面粉）必须符合食品和药物管理局规定的营养强化标准。当谷物产品贴上强化的标签时，它们必须用叶酸强化。（在全谷物产品中加入特定营养物质称为强化。）

（来源：

2015-2020美国居民膳食指南

）

（感谢世界卫生组织新发传染病监测研究与培训合作中心陈伟师博士提供专业指导）

统筹：宁可儿

制作：曦檬子

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